Friday, December 27, 2019

The Roman Empire The Most Extensive Political And Social...

The Roman Empire At its height, the Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure of western civilization. The remains of this empire can still be seen today. The empire was filled with advanced people and technology for its time. The Roman Empire has rich history, helpful geography and resources, provinces, an advanced government, unique people and a fascinating culture. Ancient Rome can be divided into three main parts. The Roman Monarchy, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. The Romans believed that a man named Romulus founded the city of Rome. The legend is that Romulus and his twin brother Remus were cast away in a basket on the Tiber river. A she-wolf found them and gave the twins her milk. The farmer and his wife, owners of the she-wolf, found the twins and raised them from there. Later in an argument, Romulus killed Remus and then later founded the city of Rome on April 21,753 B.C. Historians still do not know how much of this legend is true or if it is true at all. Either way, Rome is named after Romulus. The Roman Republic moved on to the Roman Empire because of a man named Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar was a cunning politician who centralized government around himself. The people of the Roman Republic feared that Caesar would make himself king and end the republic. Due to this fear, Julius Caesar was stabbed to his death out side of the senate building on the Ides of March on March 15, 44 B.C. The concept of one manShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Vast Roman Empire1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roman Empire was the most extensive in social and political order in western civilization. It began when Augustus Caesar became the emperor of Rome. It is important to note that Rome started out very humble and archaic. Despite how primitive it was, Rome managed to become a world dominating power. Some of the advantages that Rome had were its location near the sea which facilitated and enhanced trade, and the proximity of the Greek influence which gave potential to the uprise of the Roman EmpireRead MoreAncient Rome And The Roman Empire1067 Words   |  5 Pagesheight, the Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. The remains of this empire can still be seen today. The empire was filled with advanced people and technology for its time. The Roman Empire has ric h history, helpful geography and resources, provinces, an advanced government, and unique people and culture. Ancient Rome can be divided into three main parts. The Roman Monarchy, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. The Romans believed thatRead MoreAncient Rome And The Roman Empire1067 Words   |  5 Pagesheight, the Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. The remains of this empire can still be seen today. The empire was filled with advanced people and technology for its time. The Roman Empire has rich history, helpful geography and resources, provinces, an advanced government, and unique people and culture. Ancient Rome can be divided into three main parts. The Roman Monarchy, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. The Romans believed thatRead MoreThe World Of Antiquity, The Roman Empire Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesIn the world of antiquity, the Roman Empire (A.D. 117) was one of the roots of medieval Europe, where romans were at the top. They ruled this enormous amount of lands, the center being the city of Rome and the leader being the roman emperor. The empire’s extensive political, economic and social structure became vital to the heritage of the Ancient Civilization. The emergence of sustainable agriculture, primitive technology, scholarly writing and reading, and metalworking had developed stability,Read MoreWorld History AP8768 Words   |  36 Pagesin the empires described in this chapter? †¢ All empires controlled large areas and populations. †¢ All empires were brought together by conquest and funded in part by extracting wealth from conquered peoples. †¢ All empires stimulated the exchange of ideas, cultures, and values among the peoples they conquered. †¢ All empires sought to foster an imperial identity that transcended more local identities and loyalties. †¢ All empires ultimately collapsed. 2. In what ways did these empires differ fromRead MoreWhat Was The Political Structure Of The Mayans From 600 Ce?1568 Words   |  7 Pages AP World History 1st Semester Exam Study Guide What was the political structure of the Mayans from 600 CE to 900 CE? The political structure of the Mayans was split up into two city states with a governing body overseeing each of them, never under one ruler. How does Confucian philosophy attempt to create social harmony? His philosophies said that the goal of an emperor is to bring peace to the people, the philosophies also promoted fairness and loyalty among the state. Where was the eventualRead MoreAp World History Units 1-3 Study Guide Essay4374 Words   |  18 Pagesinclude * End of hunting-gathering societies 2. Most scholars believe that, during the Paleolithic Age, social organization was characterized by * A rough social equality 3. The earliest metal worked systemically by humans are * Copper 4. The spread of the Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa can be best explained by their * Knowledge of agriculture 5. Characteristics of complex civilizations * Specialization of labor * Trade and culturalRead MoreThe City Of Ancient Rome1835 Words   |  8 Pagesexpanded and soon became one of the largest empires during the time and is still one of the most famous cities in the world. In the beginning, the empire was only a small town located on the Timber River, which was used for trade. Over time, the city expanded over most of the territory around the Mediterranean Sea and was made up of more than one million people and grew into a trading post. By being centrally located in the middle of Italy, the empire had the ability to build from the Atlantic OceanRead MoreHistory Of The World. Arguement: Throughout All Of Human1642 Words   |  7 Pagesearliest emergence of civilizations are camewith the final stages of the Neolithic Revolution.The earlier neolithic technology and lifestyle was established first in the Middle East (for example at Gà ¶bekli Tepe, and later in the Yangtze and Yellow River in China) Similar early civilizations also began in 7,000 B CE in places like South America and Mesoamerica. Mesopotamia is the site of the earliest developments of the Neolithic Revolution from around 10,000 BCE, with civilizations developing from 6,500Read MoreGreek Influence on the Roman Empire Essay2942 Words   |  12 PagesClassical Greek culture had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire, which carried a version of it to many parts of the Mediterranean region and Europe. Greek culture influenced the development of Roman civilization because at first Rome absorbed ideas from Greek colonists in southern Italy, and they continued to borrow from Greek culture after they conquered Greece. Ancient Greece has had an enormous amount of impact on culture in the western world. For this reason, Classical Greece is generally

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Hiv And Its Effects On The United States - 1440 Words

Half of all new human immunodeficiency virus, also known as HIV infections in the United States and two thirds of all sexually transmitted diseases (STD) occur among young people under the age of 25 (Starkman, Rajani). It’s estimated that by the end of high school, nearly two thirds of American’s youth are sexually active, and one in five has had four or more sexual partners (Starkman, Rajani). Despite these alarming statistics, less than half of all public schools in the United States offer information on how to obtain contraceptives and most schools teach abstinence only education (Starkman, Rajani). Even more alarmingly there is little evidence that abstinence only curriculums are successful in encouraging teenagers from delaying†¦show more content†¦Required academic programs can help adolescents develop a sense of embodiment and sexual agency, and cultivate the social, emotional, and cognitive skills they need to make healthy decisions and engage in fulfil ling relationships (Sanoff). For every rape victim there is a rapist, and though it’s hard to say what causes someone to rape, society must start the transition from saying â€Å"Don’t get raped.† to â€Å"Don’t rape.† Sexuality education and youth development, if utilized properly can work as a cohesive tool in helping adolescents understand the gravity of their sexual actions. In John Willey’s book ‘The Trauma of Sexual Assault† he dedicates an entire chapter to stereotypes in rape culture. One such stereotype being that â€Å"real mean, can’t be raped† as well as â€Å"rapist have a biological uncontrollable desire† both of these are examples of such topics that should be discussed with children (Willey, 10-12). Society should be supporting the idea that it is never the victims fault, regardless of gender and they should also discuss the topic of mental health. By addressing these stereotypes it opens the door to open conversations and awareness. Youth development is about nourishing the strengths of youth, building life skills, and providing an open environment to discuss questions and concerns. One common reason many are

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Theoretical Aspects of Public Relations

Question: Discuss about theTheoretical Aspects of Public Relations. Answer: Introdcution The theories are standpoints that are explained and enforced by the actions. The theories on one hand help explain the practical concepts and actions of a certain party or some issue that has no common definition. The theories are based on the prediction of the normal responses of the people to certain stimulants and there are specific theories in all fields to explain certain reactions to the stimulant that the parties are exposed to. The different theories apply different frameworks and use different reasons for a reaction therefore the different theories can shed light on the different aspects of the same reaction or action (Ledingham, 2003). The public relation is the way the corporate and political entities influence the target population. They use different theoretical frameworks to control the response of the people to some actions or steps they take or the normal practices that are used in the achievement of their goals. The public relations can be described as a bridge that spans the gap between the agenda of the entity and the overall desires of the people they target with the public relations (Seitel, 1998). This should be the only purpose of the organization in the public relations sector but it is much more than that in practice. The public relations from the definition can be the increasing of understanding of the others goal and purpose and increase the relation with the public the true purpose is to present the image and facilitate the change in the public perceptions to make the image of the political or corporate entity the primary one so that the people think about the entity what they what the people to t hink. This is one of the legal ways to manipulate the perception of the people for their own benefit and the corporate and political entities take full benefit of this to promote their public image which helps them gain profit in one form or another (van Es and Meijlink, 2000). There are many different issues where the public opinion carries much weight and in these cases the management of the response of the people are paramount not only to the benefit of the entity in many cases they are used to raise public awareness and possible consequences of the situations. The governing body of the many sovereign states use public relations to draw attentions of the citizens to various issues that might have potential impact on the sovereignty of the state or the wellbeing of its citizens. Therefore, in these cases the public opinion is valued as it incites the citizens into actions that will help stop the issue. The fact can not be denied that this is also a form of manipulation but as the benefits will ultimately reflect on the people and their wellbeing it is not in any way harmful. But the benefits that the entities gain in the form of personal benefits or gains in terms of the advantage over the competitors can not be condoned. These actions prove that there ar e two sides to the public relations campaign that is carried out by the corporate and political entities (Deephouse, 2000). The main factors defining the effects of the persuasion are the reasoning, the character of the speaker and the emotion that the statement of facts induces in the people. Therefore, the religious leaders and leaders of the different nations and celebrities can make a statement much of effective weapon of persuasion than the common people. The theoretical concept of persuasion is based on the concept that the opinion of groups and individuals can be changed by influencing their beliefs and values. The concept is based on the fact that the reaction of the people to a specific issue can be controlled and even directed in a specific direction by changing, modifying and reinforcing their beliefs and the change can be evident in the attitudes and behaviour towards the issue. Therefore, the persuasion is one of the main methods used by the news media to rouse public opinion for or against some issue. The anti terrorism perspective is one of the main issues that are the concern of the people all over the world. This is one of the most frequent topics of discussion in the news media that both positively and negatively influence the anti terrorism sentiment (Daymon, and Holloway, 2010). The way of persuading the people are based not on the content but in the way the content is presented to the population. Many real world exampl es can be given in the context as the terrorism is one of the main threats to the peace and prosperity of the world. The positive example can be given in the form of the reports in the news media shoeing the victims of the terrorist attacks and their family members and their devastation is shown in the news will garner sympathy from the people and even the people who tentatively support the cause of the terrorists when the result of what they were able to achieve is presented in a manner that pictures the terrorists as the blackest of villains and remorseless killers of innocents (Dinnie, 2015). This makes the people more adverse from the effect that might influence them to become sympathetic to the cause. There is also a downside to the persuasion theory which points out that the influence that is used to affect the people need not be altruistic but the influence can easily be used to make them react in a way that conductive to the ultimate goals of the people controlling the news media (Dozier, Grunig and Grunig,2013). The same examples of terrorism can be used in these cases as there are many religious groups that have chosen terrorism as the way of proving the supremacy of their religion. These cults in many cases are supported by the news media of the region and often they portray the victims of their attacks as criminals or disbelievers who deserved nothing better than the end they got. The influence of the new media is used in this case in a negative way and the terrorists are presented as the crusaders who are fighting for the justice and the anti terrorisms are attempts to curb the religious rights of their specific faction or group (Hanzaee and Farsani, 2011). This disparity in the news media leads to mixed faiths and beliefs among the populace and the persuasion is used in the war against terrorism as the opinion painting the terrorists in the blackest colour are much more dominant that the other faction. Therefore, the persuasion theory of the public relations is effective to some degree in giving the terrorist groups negative publicity and influence the people to act actively and passively to hinder the operations of the terrorist groups. The theory of propaganda is based on the same principles of persuasion but whereas the persuasion is based on the truth or some variations of it the propaganda is based on emotional aspects driving the human nature instead of the rational part. The propaganda in the wartime is a common political move to induce hatred towards the enemy and by presenting them as monsters and thus dehumanizing them making the hate towards them a common reaction. The reason or why of the statement is ignored in the aspect of influence. The theoretical concept of systems theory is based on the similar principle and the different parts of the definition of the system is capable of describing the process of PR which has an established process and a clear boundary. The PR process has a clear boundary and the facts that are p[resented need to be based on the concept of truths and the incidents and however likely it might be to influence the audience the wrong way the truth of the statements can not be altered. For an example the PR process that the American army used to gain public support in the operations in Iraq by playing on the dictatorship of the leader Saddam and the condition o ht general populace and their condition compared to those favoured by the leader in a light that painted him in bad light and the goods he had done was ignored. This process followed a certain pattern where the facts were presented first and then analysed and then the reviews and opinions were used to put the facts into context. This is n ot a one sided process as the same was done by the opponent in releasing the abu ghraib tape of the military interrogation which pointed out the fact that the American military where outsiders who tortured their prisoners in inhumane ways. Here the system was quite simple and the facts were all presented by ignoring the obvious facts that Americans were indeed outsiders or the fact that the prisoners whose plight was so inhumane were the same treatment they put the people through year after year. In the same way the corporate entities make PR their priority as the many subsystems to the organization running the organization and the PR is the way the control over all the subsystems are exercised by the people in the management. The public relations in the business organizations are used as tools of developing a relationship between the different parts of the organization and the customers who are from the target population. The business benefits of the organizations a side of the system of making sure that the process of PR is doing its job is to promote a positive persona. The businesses suffer if there is escalating tension in the background so they also conform to the response that will allow the people from the target population and their nation to support eh business and their moves. Oftentimes the businesses are vague about their allegiance to stop either side from avoiding business with them. The anti terrorism sentiments are also same in the cases as the organizations express their condolence at the loss of the people but never makes some overt gesture about incriminating any party. From the essay it is evident that the different theories are part of the PR practices and can efficiently describe the practices and their different nuances in an analytical way. The persuasion and propaganda and the systems concept is used to describe the issue of anti terrorism and the PR issues that describes the process of the entities and the how to of handling of the situation. To conclude it can be said that the different theories that predetermine the response of the populace or the different functions that are to be targeted by the PR effort is important in determining the success of a PR campaign for both political parties and the corporate entities. The companies and the governments use the new media to influence the people in a specific direction and these are the practical implementation of the theories whose examples are given in the essay. Reference List Seitel, F.P., 1998. The practice of public relations. Ledingham, J.A., 2003. Explicating relationship management as a general theory of public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 15(2), pp.181-198. Daymon, C. and Holloway, I., 2010. Qualitative research methods in public relations and marketing communications. Routledge. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013. Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Deephouse, D. L. (2000). Media reputation as a strategic resource: An integration of mass communication and resource-based theories. Journal of management, 26(6), 1091-1112. van Es, R. and Meijlink, T.L., 2000. The dialogical turn of public relation ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 27(1-2), pp.69-77. Hanzaee, K.H. and Farsani, F.T., 2011. The effects of brand image and perceived public relation on customer loyalty. World Applied Sciences Journal, 13(2), pp.277-286. Bibliography Ihlen, ., Van Ruler, B. and Fredriksson, M. eds., 2009. Public relations and social theory: Key figures and concepts. Routledge. Dinnie, K., 2015. Nation branding: concepts, issues, practice. Routledge. Grunig, J.E., 2013. Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Grunig, J.E. and Dozier, D.M., 2003. Excellent public relations and effective organizations: A study of communication management in three countries. Routledge. Wasesa, S.A., 2005. Strategi public relation. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Mc Donald`s Corporation Essays - Fast Food, Types Of Restaurants

Mc Donald`s Corporation McDonald's Corporation is the world's leading food service organization. The corporation started out as a small drive-through in 1948 by two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald. Raymond Albert Kroc, a salesman, saw a great opportunity in this market and advised Dick and Mac to expand their operation and open new restaurants. In 1961 Kroc bought out the McDonald brothers. By 1967 McDonalds expanded its operations to countries outside the U.S.A. This unyielding expansion led the Corporation to open 23,000 McDonald's restaurants in 110 countries in 1994, producing $3.4 bn in annual revenues. In addition, McDonald's opens a new restaurant every three hours. Also, McDonald's has twice the market share of its closest U.S. competitor, Burger King, representing 7% of total U.S. eating-out sales. Similarly, McDonald's serves about 1% of the world's population on any given day through its 23,000 restaurants internationally. "Big Mac", the world's most sold hamburger was developed by Jim Delligutti in 1967 to feed construction workers. 'Big Mac' is the biggest attraction and backbone of the corporation. Moreover, McDonald's maintains its competitive advantage by constantly creating new items to add onto its menu. This shows us that McDonald's practices an analyzer type of strategy, introducing new items and defending its existing ones. McDONALD'S MISSION AND VISION: "We serve people with good quality food, fast and at low cost." McDonald's vision is to dominate the global food-service industry. Global dominance means setting the performance standard for customer satisfaction and increases market share and profitability through successfully implementing our convenience, value and execution strategies. THESIS STATEMENT: To have a clear picture of McDonald's corporation we need to look at its Task Environment, which includes its: .Customers .Competitors .Strategic Allies .Suppliers .Regulators We shall also explore McDonald's Workforce Diversity and its Total Quality Management. CUSTOMERS: Customers are those who pay money to acquire an organization's goods or services. For many years McDonald's mostly targeted the young people, however this has changed in this decade; McDonald's has turned towards a more general market. By doing this McDonald's concentrates on the family, targeting a diverse market which includes consumers ranging from children to elderly people, using products such as the "happy Meal" for children and "Egg McMuffin" for the elderly. McDonald's also realized the changing world we live in and the need for healthier food, since there is an ever changing demographic group, who demand fast, top quality food that is low in calories. McDonald's responded to this opportunity and introduced a new and innovative product. This new product was a regular hamburger that tasted like the real thing but was made of plant material like Soya beans. This same product also targets another demographic group, vegetarians. McDonald's mostly uses psychographic segmentation targeting the working and middle classes. These are the people that are more susceptible to enter a fast food restaurant, since these are the people that lead a fast moving life and thus require a fast meal. In brief McDonald's customers are of all classes, but largely working and middle classes, and people of all ages. COMPETITORS: A competitor is an organization that competes with other organizations for resources. In our findings, McDonald's has two types of competitors in the Lebanese market: ..Indirect ..Direct Indirect Competitors: Indirect refers to firms producing one or two products that compete with McDonald's products and therefore be a threat to the company. We have identified four indirect competitors: Henry J. Beans, T.G.I. Friday, K. F. C. and Popeye's. Henry J. Beans offers hamburgers and fries on its menu, therefore competing with McDonalds for customers of these products. However, Henry J. Beans also known as Hank's is a more of a bar restaurant and therefore a hang out place, as a result charging more money for its products. Hank's targets middle to upper class customers, so where most of these customers overlap are in the middle class. T.G.I Friday is another indirect competitor reflecting the same characteristics as Henry J. Beans. Other indirect competitors are K. F. C. and Popeye's, both competing for the chicken nuggets and fries customers. In brief, Hank's and T.G.I. Friday's competes with McDonald's by offering hamburgers and fries, whereas K. F. C. and Popeye's compete with McDonald's by offering chicken nuggets and fries. Direct Competitors: Direct competitors refers to firms producing the same products or services as McDonald's does. Here we found that McDonald's has three direct competitors: Burger King, Wendy's and Hardee's. McDonald's closest rival is Burger King, which operates a total of 9644 restaurants in 110 countries. Wendy's is McDonald's second largest rival, which is also in the fast food business, where

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Diagnostic Testing Essays - Iowa Tests Of Educational Development

Diagnostic Testing The purpose of this report is to give Mr. and Mrs. G., Nicholas G.'s parents, a more complete and up to date picture of Nick's academic skill levels. Nick is a neighbor of the examiner, and both parents and examinee have cherrfully volunteered Nick as testing subjuect for the examiner's Diagnostic Testing class. Nicholas has been in the Special Day Class Program, attending Santa Barbara public schools since kindergarten. Nicholas is developementally delayed and has mild cerebral palsy. Nick's parents report that he has made good academic and social skills progress, especially in the past two years. Strong parental concern remains in the area of reading and independent life skills. Nick feels that he writes and cuts with extreme difficulty, hates reading, and enjoys math and computers. Nick attends several mainstream classes per semester with an aide's help, and appears to have enjoyed the social aspects, but feels the classes were "really hard." Nick's mother reports that his hearing and vision have been checked within the past six months, with no apparent problems. Despite academic and motor frustrations, Nick's school attendence has been excellent, as has been his general health. Results of academic achievement testing: Woodcock-Johnson Revised: Age Grade Standard Percentile Equiv. Equiv. Score Letter-word Identification 7-2 1.7 49 0.1 Word-Attack 7-1 1.6 62 1.0 Basic Reading Skills 7-2 1.6 52 0.1 Passage Comprehension 7-3 1.7 51 0.1 Reading Vocabulary 6-6 1.2 41 0.1 Broad Reading 7-3 1.7 44 0.1 Dictation 6-5 1.1 29 0.1 Spelling 6-9 1.4 45 0.1 Writing Samples 6-9 1.3 29 0.1 Broad Written Language 6-8 1.3 31 0.1 Calculation 6-9 1.3 28 0.1 Quantitative Concepts 7-6 2.1 53 0.1 Applied Problems 7-0 1.6 59 0.3 Broad Mathematics 6-10 1.4 40 0.1 Visual-Motor Integration ( VMI) (normed on 12-2) raw score 8 standard score 5 %ile 1.0 Visual-Aural Digit Span (VADS) Aural-Oral 3 Visual-Oral 3 Aural Written 2 Visual- Written 2 Total VADS 10 (defective range, grade 4) Nicholas appeared relaxed and eager to please while testing. Once in awhile he would say, "this is hard," but when given the option of stopping or going on he would consistently express a desire to continue. His parents report that this stubborn tenacity has carried him beyond expectations. Nick has a good sense of family, community, and social settings. When offered a cookie on a napkin, he put the napkin on his lap. Nick enjoyed talking between tests about friends, cars, computers, and other age-appropriate subjects. During the testing he concentrated very hard, took his time, and did not answer until he seemed quite sure of his answers. While in deep concentration, Nick's head would temporarily stop the constant movement apparant with cerebral palsy. His mother stated that this recent ability to temporarily cease head movement has aided his reading progress. READING: Test results show that Nick appears to be reading at a level comparable to that of an average student at the grade 1.7 level, which rank at the Very Low level. Reading tasks at the 1.4 level will be easy for Nick, those above grade 2.0 will be difficult for him. It is noted that on the word attack and Word Analysis Skills test, when decoding nonsense words Nick could decode CVC pattern words and has learned some basic sound-symbol associations. Comprehension tests show that Nicholas candetermine meaning from a passage (Passage Comprehension 1.7) at a slightly higher level than he can from a single word (Reading Vocabulary 1.2). While these scores are also in the Very Low range, they show that Nick is beginning to use some contextual clues in his reading. WRITTEN LANGUAGE: Nick's test results on Broad Written Language is comparable to that of the average student in grade 1.3, and in the Very Low range of scores. Tasks requiring written language skills below grade level 1.1 will be easy for him; those above the grade 1.4 will be difficult for him. Spelling Test observations (1.4) showed that Nick has difficulty with short vowel useage, the fine e rule, and consonant blends. An informal writing sample showed that Nick could use correct punctuation at the end of a sentence, but ignored punctuation marks within a sentence. The same sample showed that Nick's writing is legible and that he forms most of his letters correctly, having difficulty with line placement . Nick interspersed cursive letters, and verbally expressed a desire to write in cursive like "mainstream buddies" do. Nick uses simple sentence structures, writing one compound sentence out of 10 total sentences. Because of his orthopedic impairments, the written language tests were untimed. MATHEMATICS: Nick's

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Tantalum Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Tantalum Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Tantalum  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 73 Symbol: Ta Atomic Weight: 180.9479 Discovery: Anders Ekeberg 1802 (Sweden), showed that niobic acid and tantalic acid were two different substances. Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d3 Word Origin: Greek Tantalos, mythological character, king who was father of Niobe Isotopes: There are 25 known isotopes of tantalum. Natural tantalum consists of 2 isotopes. Properties: Tantalum is a heavy, hard gray metal. Pure tantalum is ductile and may be drawn into very fine wire. Tantalum is practically immune to chemical attack at temperatures lower than 150  °C. It is only attacked by hydrofluoric acid, acidic solutions of the fluoride ion, and free sulfur trioxide. Alkalis attack tantalum very slowly. At higher temperatures, tantalum is more reactive. The melting point of tantalum is very high, exceeded only by that of tungsten and rhenium. The melting point of tantalum is 2996  °C; boiling point is 5425 /- 100  °C; specific gravity is 16.654; valence is usually 5, but may be 2, 3, or 4. Uses: Tantalum wire is used as a filament for evaporating other metals. Tantalum is incorporated into a variety of alloys, conferring high melting point, ductility, strength, and corrosion resistance. Tantalum carbide is one of the hardest materials ever made. At high temperatures, tantalum has good gettering ability. Tantalum oxide films are stable, with desirable dielectric and rectifying properties. The metal is used in chemical process equipment, vacuum furnaces, capacitors, nuclear reactors, and aircraft parts. Tantalum oxide may be used to make a glass with a high index of refraction, with applications including use for camera lenses. Tantalum is immune to body liquids and is a non-irritating metal. Therefore, it has widespread surgical applications. Sources: Tantalum is found primarily in the mineral columbite-tantalite (Fe, Mn)(Nb, Ta)2O6. Tantalum ores are found in Australia, Zaire, Brazil, Mozambique, Thailand, Portugal, Nigeria, and Canada. A complicated process is required to remove tantalum from the ore. Element Classification: Transition Metal Tantalum Physical Data Density (g/cc): 16.654 Melting Point (K): 3269 Boiling Point (K): 5698 Appearance: heavy, hard gray metal Atomic Radius (pm): 149 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 10.9 Covalent Radius (pm): 134 Ionic Radius: 68 (5e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.140 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 24.7 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 758 Debye Temperature (K): 225.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.5 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 760.1 Oxidation States: 5 Lattice Structure: Body-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.310 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Local Development Framework in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Local Development Framework in England - Essay Example This paper illustrates that land-use planning system at the end of the 1990s was unable to deliver adequate infrastructure; this was identified as a key obstacle to economic development in the United Kingdom. This was one of the reasons that resulted in the 2004 Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act. This radical new approach to planning in England signified the beginning of a new era of developing spatial rather than solely land-use plans. â€Å"The requirements of the new system, the implementation of plans and the delivery of infrastructure have been significantly strengthened through Local Development Frameworks (LDFs)† and newly formulated policy guidance and regulation. On the other hand, it is vital to comprehend the opportunities and challenges confronting policy makers in the delivery of infrastructure. This is essential, in view of the emphasis that the government is placing on reducing barriers to development, specially those associated with the delivery of housing a nd infrastructure. Local authority chief executives are required to involve themselves fully in the Local Development Framework system, entrenching it into the corporate centre. The executives should provide the resources and support to the planmaking process. They should make the resulting Local Development Framework a central instrument â€Å"in their corporate armoury to steer public and private capital investment and achieve Local Area Agreement outcomes†. ... ementation of plans and the delivery of infrastructure have been significantly strengthened through Local Development Frameworks (LDFs)† (Baker and Hincks, 2009 p.173) and newly formulated policy guidance and regulation. On the other hand, it is vital to comprehend the opportunities and challenges confronting policy makers in the delivery of infrastructure. This is essential, in view of the emphasis that the government is placing on reducing barriers to development, specially those associated with the delivery of housing and infrastructure. Local authority chief executives are required to involve themselves fully in the Local Development Framework system, entrenching it into the corporate centre. The executives should provide the resources and support to the planmaking process. They should make the resulting Local Development Framework a central instrument â€Å"in their corporate armoury to steer public and private capital investment and achieve Local Area Agreement outcomesà ¢â‚¬  (Rozee, 2008 p.621). Additionally, elected members require targeted training to comprehend the value that the Local Development Framework can contribute to their communities and their participation in achieving results. The Planning Advisory Service provides modules which help in the delivery of such training. However, it is evident that one of the most significant barriers to achieving the implementaion of plans is the delivery of the infrastructure required to support development. London has responded to the challenge of urban renewal, regeneration, and regional competition. However, it is occasionally handicapped by a complex London government structure. National, regional and local governments are all concerned with economic growth and development in London. A distinctive institutional